Meditation

Holds abstracts of articles on meditation, telepathy, out-of-body experience, telekinesis, qi-gong, etc. that have been published in scientific journals. The full papers can be accessed via your own national library or university.

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bomohwkl
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Post: # 3938Post bomohwkl »

INFLUENCE OF TRANSCENDENTAL MEDITATION ON A MEASURE OF SELF-ACTUALIZATION
SEEMAN W, NIDICH S, BANTA T
JOURNAL OF COUNSELING PSYCHOLOGY
19 (3): 184-& 1972

Document type: Article Language: English Cited References: 14 Times Cited: 68
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Post: # 3939Post bomohwkl »

Influence of a mindfulness meditation-based stress reduction intervention on rates of skin clearing in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis undergoing phototherapy (UVB) and photochemotherapy (PUVA)
Kabat-Zinn J, Wheeler E, Light T, Skillings A, Scharf MJ, Cropley TG, Hosmer D, Bernhard JD
PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE
60 (5): 625-632 SEP-OCT 1998

Document type: Article Language: English Cited References: 54 Times Cited: 67

Abstract:
Objective: This study tests the hypothesis that stress reduction methods based on mindfulness meditation can positively influence the rate at which psoriasis clears in patients undergoing phototherapy or photochemotherapy treatment. Methods: Thirty-seven patients with psoriasis about to undergo ultraviolet phototherapy (UVB) or photochemotherapy (PUVA) were randomly assigned to one of two conditions: a mindfulness meditation-based stress reduction intervention guided by audiotaped instructions during light treatments, or a control condition consisting of the light treatments alone with no taped instructions. Psoriasis status was assessed in three ways: direct inspection by unblinded clinic nurses; direct inspection by physicians blinded to the patient's study condition (tape or no-tape); and blinded physician evaluation of photographs of psoriasis lesions. Four sequential indicators of skin status were monitored during the study: a First Response Point, a Turning Point, a Halfway Point, and a Clearing Point. Results: Cox-proportional hazards regression analysis showed that subjects in the tape groups reached the Halfway Point (p =.013) and the Clearing Point (p =.033) significantly more rapidly than those in the no-tape condition, for both UVB and PUVA treatments. Conclusions: A brief mindfulness meditation-based stress reduction intervention delivered by audiotape during ultraviolet light therapy can increase the rate of resolution of psoriatic lesions in patients with psoriasis.
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bomohwkl
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Post: # 3940Post bomohwkl »

MEDITATION ON THE PATHOGENESIS OF HYPOPHARYNGEAL (ZENKERS) DIVERTICULUM AND A REPORT OF ENDOSCOPIC TREATMENT IN 545 PATIENTS
VANOVERBEEK JJM
ANNALS OF OTOLOGY RHINOLOGY AND LARYNGOLOGY
103 (3): 178-185 MAR 1994

Document type: Article Language: English Cited References: 17 Times Cited: 63

Abstract:
Much discussion in the literature concerning Zenker's diverticulum is related to etiology. Various theories have been propounded, but no single conclusion is generally accepted. We believe that an anatomic predisposition plays a prominent role. Considerations for this conclusion will be discussed. In the otorhinolaryngology departments of University Hospital and Martini Hospital (Groningen, the Netherlands) 545 patients with a diverticulum were treated endoscopically since 1964. Initially we used the procedure described by Dohlman. With the increase in the number of patients, the technique and instruments used have improved. In 1981 we started to apply a microendoscopic procedure with a special double-lipped scope and the carbon dioxide laser. The rate of complications was very low, and 91% of the patients are highly satisfied. In view of our results, we feel justified in maintaining that endoscopic treatment is a relatively safe and effective method.
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bomohwkl
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Post: # 3941Post bomohwkl »

EVALUATION OF TRANSCENDENTAL MEDITATION AS A METHOD OF REDUCING STRESS
MICHAELS RR, HUBER MJ, MCCANN DS

SCIENCE
192 (4245): 1242-1244 1976

Document type: Article Language: English Cited References: 18 Times Cited: 61
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Post: # 3942Post bomohwkl »

MEDICAL-CARE UTILIZATION AND THE TRANSCENDENTAL-MEDITATION PROGRAMORMEJOHNSON D
PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE
49 (5): 493-507 SEP-OCT 1987

Document type: Article Language: English Cited References: 44 Times Cited: 63



PHYSIOLOGICAL AND SUBJECTIVE EVALUATION OF MEDITATION, HYPNOSIS, AND RELAXATION
MORSE DR, MARTIN JS, FURST ML, DUBIN LL
PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE
39 (5): 304-324 1977

Document type: Article Language: English Cited References: 48 Times Cited: 57


PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC EFFECTS OF TRANSCENDENTAL MEDITATION WITH CONTROLS FOR EXPECTATION OF RELIEF AND DAILY SITTING
SMITH JC
JOURNAL OF CONSULTING AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY
44 (4): 630-637 1976

Document type: Article Language: English Cited References: 20 Times Cited: 57

TRANSCENDENTAL MEDITATION AND PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH
HJELLE LA
PERCEPTUAL AND MOTOR SKILLS
39 (1): 623-628 1974

Document type: Article Language: English Cited References: 13 Times Cited: 57

OVERVIEW - CLINICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL COMPARISON OF MEDITATION WITH OTHER SELF-CONTROL STRATEGIES
SHAPIRO DH
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
139 (3): 267-274 1982

Document type: Article Language: English Cited References: 83 Times Cited: 56

THE USE OF MEDITATION-RELAXATION TECHNIQUES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF STRESS IN A WORKING POPULATION
CARRINGTON P, COLLINGS GH, BENSON H, ROBINSON H, WOOD LW, LEHRER PM, WOOLFOLK RL, COLE JW
JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE
22 (4): 221-231 1980

Document type: Article Language: English Cited References: 0 Times Cited: 56

INFLUENCE OF TRANSCENDENTAL MEDITATION UPON AUTOKINETIC PERCEPTION
PELLETIER KR
PERCEPTUAL AND MOTOR SKILLS
39 (3): 1031-1034 1974

Document type: Article Language: English Cited References: 9 Times Cited: 55

ZEN MEDITATION AND BEHAVIORAL SELF-CONTROL - SIMILARITIES, DIFFERENCES, AND CLINICAL APPLICATIONS
SHAPIRO DH, ZIFFERBLATT SM
AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGIST
31 (7): 519-532 1976

Document type: Article Language: English Cited References: 111 Times Cited: 53

TRANSCENDENTAL MEDITATION IN HYPERTENSION - INDIVIDUAL RESPONSE PATTERNS
BLACKWELL B, BLOOMFIELD S, GARTSIDE P, ROBINSON A, HANENSON I, MAGENHEIM H, NIDICH S, ZIGLER R
LANCET
1 (7953): 223-226 1976

Document type: Article Language: English Cited References: 16 Times Cited: 52
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bomohwkl
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Post: # 3943Post bomohwkl »

Here below, I only quote papers which are only 90s to the most recent sorted by the date and the number of time it is cited.
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bomohwkl
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Post: # 3944Post bomohwkl »

A randomized, wait-list controlled clinical trial: The effect of a mindfulness meditation-based stress reduction program on mood and symptoms of stress in cancer outpatients
Speca M, Carlson LE, Goodey E, Angen M
PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE
62 (5): 613-622 SEP-OCT 2000

Document type: Article Language: English Cited References: 44 Times Cited: 43

Abstract:
Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the effects of participation in a mindfulness meditation-based stress reduction program on mood disturbance and symptoms of stress in cancer outpatients. Methods: A randomized, wait-list controlled design was used. A convenience sample of eligible cancer patients enrolled after giving informed consent and were randomly assigned to either an immediate treatment condition or a wait-list control condition. Patients completed the Profile of Mood States and the Symptoms of Stress Inventory both before and after the intervention. The intervention consisted of a weekly meditation group lasting 1.5 hours for 7 weeks plus home meditation practice. Results: Ninety patients (mean age, 51 years) completed the study. The group was heterogeneous in type and stage of cancer. Patients' mean preintervention scores on dependent measures were equivalent between groups. After the intervention, patients in the treatment group had significantly lower scores on Total Mood Disturbance and subscales of Depression, Anxiety, Anger, and Confusion and more Vigor than control subjects. The treatment group also had fewer overall Symptoms of Stress; fewer Cardiopulmonary and Gastrointestinal symptoms; loss Emotional irritability, Depression, and Cognitive Disorganization; and fewer Habitual Patterns of stress. Overall reduction in Total Mood Disturbance was 65%, with a 31% reduction in Symptoms of Stress. Conclusions: This program was effective in decreasing mood disturbance and stress symptoms in both male and female patients with a wide variety of cancer diagnoses, stages of illness, and ages.


Effects of the transcendental meditation program on adaptive mechanisms: Changes in hormone levels and responses to stress after 4 months of practice
MacLean CRK, Walton KG, Wenneberg SR, Levitsky DK, Mandarino JP, Waziri R, Hillis SL, Schneider RH
PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
22 (4): 277-295 MAY 1997

Document type: Article Language: English Cited References: 64 Times Cited: 32

Abstract:
Stress has been implicated in both somatic and mental disorders. The mechanisms by which stress leads to poor health are largely unknown. However, studies in animals suggest that chronic stress causes high basal cortisol and low cortisol response to acute stressors and that such changes may contribute to disease. Previous studies of the Transcendental Meditation(R) (TM) technique as a possible means of countering effects of stress have reported altered levels of several hormones both during the practice and longitudinally after regular pratice of this technique. In this prospective, random assignment study, changes in baseline levels and acute responses to laboratory stressors were examined for four hormones-cortisol, growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone and testosterone-before and after 4 months of either the TM technique or a stress education control condition. At pre- and post-test, blood was withdrawn continuously through an indwelling catheter, and plasma or serum samples were frozen for later analysis by radioimmunoassay. The results showed significantly different changes for the two groups, or trends toward significance, for each hormone over the 4 months. In the TM group, but not in the controls, basal cortisol level and average cortisol across the stress session decreased from pre- to post-test. Cortisol responsiveness to stressors, however, increased in the TM group compared to controls. The baselines and/or stress responsiveness for TSH and GH changed in opposite directions for the groups, as did the testosterone baseline. Overall, the cortisol and testosterone results appear to support previous data suggesting that repeated practice of the TM technique reverses effects of chronic stress significant for health. The observed group difference in the change of GH regulation may derive from the cortisol differences, while the TSH results are not related easily to earlier findings on the effects of chronic stress.
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Post: # 3945Post bomohwkl »

A O-15-H2O PET study of meditation and the resting state of normal consciousness
Lou HC, Kjaer TW, Friberg L, Wildschiodtz G, Holm S, Nowak M
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
7 (2): 98-105 1999

Document type: Article Language: English Cited References: 28 Times Cited: 30

Abstract:
The aim of the present study was to examine whether the neural structures subserving meditation can be reproducibly measured, and, if so, whether they are different from those supporting the resting state of normal consciousness. Cerebral blood flow distribution was investigated with the O-15-H2O PET technique in nine young adults, who were highly experienced yoga teachers, during the relaxation meditation (Yoga Nidra), and during the resting state of normal consciousness. In addition, global CBF was measured in two of the subjects. Spectral EEG analysis was performed throughout the investigations . Ln meditation, differential activity was seen, with the noticeable exception of V1, in the posterior sensory and associative cortices known to participate in imagery tasks. In the resting state of normal consciousness (compared with meditation as a baseline), differential activity was found in dorso-lateral and orbital frontal cortex, anterior cingulate gyri, left temporal gyri, left inferior parietal lobule, striatal and thalamic regions, pens and cerebellar vermis and hemispheres, structures thought to support an executive attentional network. The mean global flow remained unchanged for both subjects throughout the investigation (39 +/- 5 and 38 +/- 4 ml/100 g/min, uncorrected for partial volume effects). It is concluded that the (H2O)-O-15 PET method may measure CBF distribution in the meditative state as well as during the resting state? of normal consciousness, and that characteristic patterns of neural activity support each state. These findings enhance our understanding of the neural basis of different aspects of consciousness. (C) 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Post: # 3946Post bomohwkl »

A controlled study of the effects of the transcendental meditation(R) program on cardiovascular reactivity and ambulatory blood pressure
Wenneberg SR, Schneider RH, Walton KG, Maclean CRK, Levitsky DK, Salerno JW, Wallace RK, Mandarino JV, Rainforth MV, Waziri R
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
89 (1-2): 15-28 1997

Document type: Article Language: English Cited References: 45 Times Cited: 23

Abstract:
Cardiovascular responses to stress reactivity has been proposed as a risk factor for hypertension. In this study, we evaluated the effects of stress reduction on both laboratory cardiovascular reactivity and ambulatory blood pressure in real life on 39 normotensive male subjects who were pretested for ambulatory blood pressure and cardiovascular reactivity to stress using a battery of laboratory stressors. Thereafter, subjects were randomly assigned to practice either the Transcendental Meditation (TM) technique or a cognitive-based stress education control (SEC) for four months. After 4 months, there was no change in cardiovascular response to stressors between the TM and control groups. However. the subjects regularly practicing TM demonstrated a significant reduction of 9 mm Hg (p < .04) in average ambulatory DBP compared to controls. Since ambulatory BP monitoring has been shown to he a better predictor of cardiovascular complication, of hypertension than clinic BP, this finding may have important implications for primary prevention of CVD in normotensive subjects.
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Post: # 3947Post bomohwkl »

THE EFFECTS OF TRANSCENDENTAL-MEDITATION COMPARED TO OTHER METHODS OF RELAXATION AND MEDITATION IN REDUCING RISK-FACTORS, MORBIDITY, AND MORTALITY
ALEXANDER CN, ROBINSON P, ORMEJOHNSON DW, SCHNEIDER RH, WALTON KG
HOMEOSTASIS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE
35 (4-5): 243-263 1994

Document type: Article Language: English Cited References: 90 Times Cited: 23

Abstract:
The question has been raised whether various relaxation and meditation techniques differ in their effectiveness in reducing risk factors, morbidity and mortality. Four recent statistical metaanalyses, which summarize the results of several hundred studies, help to clarify this issue; The Transcendental Meditation (TM) technique was found to produce a significantly larger effect than other forms of relaxation or meditation (on average) in - 1) reducing psychophysiological arousal during the practice; 2) decreasing trait anxiety; 3) increasing positive mental health as operationalized by measures of self-actualization; and 4) reducing alcohol, nicotine and illicit drug use relative to standard treatment and prevention programs. Also, two recent randomized controlled trials showed that the TM technique significantly reduced hypertension and mortality in the elderly compared to a mental or physical relaxation technique. Two epidemiological studies showed that TM subjects had significantly lower inpatient and outpatient visits and medical expenditures than norms or comparable groups over a 5-6 year period. The mechanisms underlying these results are discussed in terms of TM's effects on a constellation of stress related endocrine and homeostatic imbalances implicated in heart disease and other chronic illnesses.
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Post: # 3948Post bomohwkl »

Alterations in brain and immune function produced by mindfulness meditation
Davidson RJ, Kabat-Zinn J, Schumacher J, Rosenkranz M, Muller D, Santorelli SF, Urbanowski F, Harrington A, Bonus K, Sheridan JF
PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE
65 (4): 564-570 JUL-AUG 2003

Document type: Article Language: English Cited References: 34 Times Cited: 21

Abstract:
Objective: The underlying changes in biological processes that are associated with reported changes in mental and physical health in response to meditation have not been systematically explored. We performed a randomized, controlled study on the effects on brain and immune function of a well-known and widely used 8-week clinical training program in mindfulness meditation applied in a work environment with healthy employees. Methods: We measured brain electrical activity before and immediately after, and then 4 months after an 8-week training program in mindfulness meditation. Twenty-five subjects were tested in the meditation group. A wait-list control group (N = 16) was tested at the same points in time as the meditators. At the end of the 8-week period, subjects in both groups were vaccinated with influenza vaccine. Results: We report for the first time significant increases in left-sided anterior activation, a pattern previously associated with positive affect, in the meditators compared with the nonmeditators. We also found significant increases in antibody titers to influenza vaccine among subjects in the meditation compared with those in the wait-list control group. Finally, the magnitude of increase in left-sided activation predicted the magnitude of antibody titer rise to the vaccine. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that a short program in mindfulness meditation produces demonstrable effects on brain and immune function. These findings suggest that meditation may change brain and immune function in positive ways and underscore the need for additional research
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Post: # 3949Post bomohwkl »

MEDITATION, MELATONIN AND BREAST PROSTATE-CANCER - HYPOTHESIS AND PRELIMINARY DATA
MASSION AO, TEAS J, HEBERT JR, WERTHEIMER MD, KABATZINN J
MEDICAL HYPOTHESES
44 (1): 39-46 JAN 1995

Document type: Article Language: English Cited References: 72 Times Cited: 21

Abstract:
The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that the regular practice of mindfulness meditation is associated with increased physiological levels of melatonin. Melatonin may be related to a variety of biologic functions important in maintaining health and preventing disease, including breast and prostate cancer. Previous studies have shown melatonin production is photosensitive and we suggest here that it also may be psychosensitive.

A cross-sectional study of 12-hour (20:00 - 08:00) urinary 6-sulphatoxymelatonin was conducted from which we analyzed data from 8 women who regularly meditate (RM) and 8 women who do not meditate (NM). All samples were collected in the homes of study participants. Volunteers were recruited to provide 12-hour overnight samples of urine. All subjects collected the samples on one night during the same 1-week period. There was no explicit intervention. However, all RM were either graduates of, or teachers in, the University of Massachusetts Stress Reduction and Relaxation Program.


The main outcome measure was the total excretion of urinary 6-sulphatoxymelatonin. Multiple linear regression (Proc GLM in SAS) was performed to test the effect of meditation (RM vs NM) on 6-sulphatoxymelatonin.


The results of the study were that after controlling for the non-significant effect of menstrual period interval, we found an effect of meditation group (RM vs NM: b = 1.983; F = 6.78; p = 0.02) and age (for each integer year: b= -0.169; F = 8.41; p = 0.01). The conclusion is that study results are consistent with our hypothesis and indicate that melatonin might be a useful parameter in testing similar psyche-social interventions. Given that two intervention studies have provided support for the concept of psycho-physiological interactions in survival among cancer patients, applications of our findings might be pertinent to the area of breast and prostate cancer.
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Post: # 3950Post bomohwkl »

Human anterior and frontal midline theta and lower alpha reflect emotionally positive state and internalized attention: high-resolution EEG investigation of meditation
Aftanas LI, Golocheikine SA
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
310 (1): 57-60 SEP 7 2001

Document type: Article Language: English Cited References: 17 Times Cited: 18

Abstract:
EEG spectral power and coherence estimates in the individually defined delta, theta, alpha-1, alpha-2, and alpha-3 bands were used to identify and characterize brain regions involved in meditative states, in which focused internalized attention gives rise to emotionally positive 'blissful' experience. Blissful state was accompanied by increased anterior frontal and midline theta synchronization as well as enhanced theta long-distant connectivity between prefrontal and posterior association cortex with distinct 'center of gravity' in the left prefrontal region (AF3 site). Subjective scores of emotional experience significantly correlated with theta, whereas scores of internalized attention with both theta and alpha lower synchronization. Our results propose selective associations of theta and alpha oscillating networks activity with states of internalized attention and positive emotional experience.
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Post: # 3951Post bomohwkl »

The effects of a mindfulness meditation-based stress reduction program on mood and symptoms of stress in cancer outpatients: 6-month follow-up
Carlson LE, Ursuliak Z, Goodey E, Angen M, Speca M
SUPPORTIVE CARE IN CANCER
9 (2): 112-123 MAR 2001

Document type: Article Language: English Cited References: 65 Times Cited: 18

Abstract:
The goals of this work were to assess the effects of participation in a mindfulness meditation-based stress reduction program on mood disturbance and symptoms of stress in cancer outpatients immediately after and 6 months after program completion. A convenience sample of eligible cancer patients were enrolled after they had given informed consent. All patients completed the Profile of Mood States (POMS) and Symptoms of Stress Inventory (SOSI) both before and after the intervention and 6 months later. The intervention consisted of a mindfulness meditation group lasting 1.5 h each week for 7 weeks, plus daily home meditation practice. A total of 89 patients, average age 51, provided pre-intervention data. Eighty patients provided post-intervention data, and 54 completed the 6-month follow-up The participants were heterogeneous with respect to type and stage of cancer. Patients' scores decreased significantly from before to after the intervention on the POMS and SOSI total scores and most subscales, indicating less mood disturbance and fewer symptoms of stress, and these improvements were maintained at the 6-month follow-up. More advanced stages of cancer were associated with less initial mood disturbance, while more home practice and higher initial POMS scores predicted improvements on the POMS between the pre- and post-intervention scores. Female gender and more education were associated with higher initial SOSI scores, and improvements on the SOSI were predicted by more education and greater initial mood disturbance. This program was effective in decreasing mood disturbance and stress symptoms for up to 6 months in both male and female patients with a wide variety of cancer diagnoses, stages of illness, and educational background, and with disparate ages.
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Post: # 3952Post bomohwkl »

Electrophysiological correlates of higher states of consciousness during sleep in long-term practitioners of the transcendental meditation program
Mason LI, Alexander CN, Travis FT, Marsh G, OrmeJohnson DW, Gackenbach J, Mason DC, Rainforth M, Walton G
SLEEP
20 (2): 102-110 FEB 1997

Document type: Article Language: English Cited References: 50 Times Cited: 18

Abstract:
Standard ambulatory night sleep electroencephalograph (EEG) of 11 long-term practitioners of the Transcendental Meditation (TM)(R) program reporting ''higher states of consciousness'' during sleep (the experimental group) was compared to that of nine short-term practitioners and 11 non-practitioners. EEG tracings during stages 3 and 4 sleep showed the experimental group to have: 1) theta-alpha activity simultaneously with delta activity and 2) decreased chin electromyograph (EMG) during deep sleep (p = 0.002) compared to short-term practitioners. Spectral analysis fast Fourier transform (FFT) data of the first three cycles showed that: 3) the experimental subjects had significantly greater theta2 (6-8 Hz)-alpha1 (8-10 Hz) relative power during stages 3 and 4 than the combined control groups [t(30) = 5.5, p = 0.0000008] with no difference in time in delta; 4) there was a graded difference across groups during stages 3 and 4 in theta2-alpha1 power, with experimentals having greater power than shortterm practitioners, who in turn had greater power than non-practitioners [t(30) = 5.08, p = 0.00002]; and 5) experimentals also had increased rapid eye movement (REM) density during REM periods compared to short-term practitioners (p = 0.04). Previous studies have found increased theta-alpha EEG activity during reported periods of ''transcendental consciousness'' during the TM technique. In the Vedic tradition, as described by Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, transcendental consciousness is the first of a sequence of higher states. The maintenance of transcendental consciousness along with deep sleep is said to be a distinctive criterion of further, stabilized higher states of consciousness. The findings of this study are interpreted as physiological support for this model.
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